Which of the following animals is classified as a vertebrate?
Correct Answer: A
This question requires the examinee to apply knowledge of basic concepts of the life sciences. A vertebrate is an animal that has a backbone. Of the animals listed, the only one with a backbone is the hummingbird.
As a part of a science unit on living things, a kindergarten teacher has her students compare and contrast the characteristics of animals and plants. Which is the best type of graphic organizer for this purpose?
Correct Response: C
A Venn diagram is a kind of graphic organizer that uses overlapping circles to show relationships between two or more ideas, groups, or concepts. The outer circles of a Venn diagrams are most often used to compare and contrast attribute or data sets with the outer circles representing differences and the overlapping areas representing similarities.
See these two examples of Venn diagrams related to this question scenario:
Source: https://greenbeankindergarten.org/
Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?
Correct Answer: C
A chemical change occurs when a new substance is formed from one or more other substances. The other choices in this question represent examples of physical changes.
Other examples where chemical changes occur include: baking a cake, burning wood, and the rusting of an iron nail.
The sorting of rocks into different groups on the basis of hardness, texture, and other observable characteristics best illustrates which of the following skills?
Correct Answer: C
The activity describes classification, which requires students to arrange or organize items according to class or category.
Which of the following activities will be the most effective in introducing kindergartners to the concept of how plants transport water?
Correct Answer: B
The described activity concretely illustrates the pathway of plant water transportation up the celery stalk.
A second grade class is learning about simple machines such as wheels and axels, levers, and pulleys. When the children go out to the playground that day, the teacher asks them to find an example of an inclined plane. Which piece of playground equipment would best represent this simple machine?
Correct Response: C
A slide is an example of an inclined plane or ramp.
In the photo are examples of 2 simple machines found on a playground- a lever (the see saw) and an inclined plane (the slide).
Source: https://www.thoughtco.com/simple-machines-printables-1832412
A teacher has first-grade students roll a toy car down a ramp and and mark how far it rolls. To illustrate a basic principle of science that students can apply to their everyday life, the teacher has the children repeat the activity several times, increasing the angle of the ramp each time. The students observe that when they change the angle of the ramp the distance the car rolls also changes.
Changing the angle of the ramp as the activity is repeated will most likely help the children develop an appreciation for which of the following principles of science?
Correct Response: B
Cause and Effect is a type of relationship between events whereby a cause (an action) creates an effect (an outcome). Cause and effect is considered to be the backbone of the scientific method; it drives everything from our hypotheses to our conclusions in an experiment. The job of the scientific method is to tell us if a cause (or action) produces an observed effect.
In this example, the teacher is setting up an opportunity for children to observe the effect or outcome on the distance the toy car travels down the ramp when the children cause a change in the angle of the ramp.
Referencing the same scenario for question #14, which of the following would be the most effective way for the students to organize and present the data showing the relationship between the angle of the ramp and the distance the car rolls?
Correct Response: D
A Line graph (also known as a line plot graph) is a graph where data points are connected by lines to show how something changes in value either as time goes by or as something else changes.
Line graphs use an X axis (horizontal) and a Y-axis (vertical) to plot two corresponding data points. It can also be referred to as a Line Plot Graph. For this question, one axis would describe the various levels of incline of the ramp and the other would show the distance the toy car traveled from the end of each ramp.
Click “Supplemental Info” for a graphic example for this scenario.
This line graph uses the X axis to mark the height of the ramp and the Y axis to document the distance each toy car traveled.
